Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry

"Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry" by Kurt Faber
A Textbook. Sixth revised and corrected edition
Sрringеr | 2011 | ISBN: 3642173926 9783642173929 9783642173936 | 436 pages | PDF | 5 MB

The point of this textbook is to provide a condensed introduction to this field. It is written from an organic chemist’s viewpoint in order to encourage more ‘pure’ organic chemists of any level to take a deep breath and leap over the gap between the ‘biochemical’ sciences and ‘synthetic organic chemistry’ by persuading them to consider biocatalytic methods as an equivalent tool when they are planning the synthesis of an important target molecule.

Contents
1 Introduction and Background Information
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Common Prejudices Against Enzymes
1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biocatalysts
1.3.1 Advantages of Biocatalysts
1.3.2 Disadvantages of Biocatalysts
1.3.3 Isolated Enzymes vs. Whole Cell Systems
1.4 Enzyme Properties and Nomenclature
1.4.1 Structural Biology in a Nutshell
1.4.2 Mechanistic Aspects of Enzyme Catalysis
1.4.3 Classification and Nomenclature
1.4.4 Coenzymes
1.4.5 Enzyme Sources
2 Biocatalytic Applications
2.1 Hydrolytic Reactions
2.1.1 Mechanistic and Kinetic Aspects
2.1.2 Hydrolysis of the Amide Bond
2.1.3 Ester Hydrolysis
2.1.4 Hydrolysis and Formation of Phosphate Esters
2.1.5 Hydrolysis of Epoxides
2.1.6 Hydrolysis of Nitriles
2.2 Reduction Reactions
2.2.1 Recycling of Cofactors
2.2.2 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Using Isolated Enzymes
2.2.3 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Using Whole Cells
2.2.4 Reduction of C¼C-Bonds
2.3 Oxidation Reactions
2.3.1 Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes
2.3.2 Oxygenation Reactions
2.3.3 Peroxidation Reactions
2.4 Formation of Carbon–Carbon Bonds
2.4.1 Aldol Reactions
2.4.2 Thiamine-Dependent Acyloin and Benzoin Reactions
2.4.3 Michael-Type Additions
2.5 Addition and Elimination Reactions
2.5.1 Cyanohydrin Formation
2.5.2 Addition of Water
2.5.3 Addition of Ammonia
2.6 Transfer Reactions
2.6.1 Glycosyl Transfer Reactions
2.6.2 Amino Transfer Reactions
2.7 Halogenation and Dehalogenation Reactions
2.7.1 Halogenation
2.7.2 Dehalogenation
3 Special Techniques
3.1 Enzymes in Organic Solvents
3.1.1 Ester Synthesis
3.1.2 Lactone Synthesis
3.1.3 Amide Synthesis
3.1.4 Peptide Synthesis
3.1.5 Peracid Synthesis
3.1.6 Redox Reactions
3.1.7 Medium Engineering
3.2 Immobilization
3.3 Artificial and Modified Enzymes
3.3.1 Artificial Enzyme Mimics
3.3.2 Modified Enzymes
3.3.3 Catalytic Antibodies
4 State of the Art and Outlook
5 Appendix
5.1 Basic Rules for Handling Biocatalysts
5.2 Abbreviations
5.3 Suppliers of Enzymes
5.4 Commonly Used Enzyme Preparations
5.5 Major Culture Collections
5.6 Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
Index

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